📄 Released with the paper Thinking in a Low-Resource Language: What SFT Builds, What RL Fixes, What Accuracy Cannot See (arXiv:2608.17744). Every number on this card is measured, contextualized, and caveated in the paper; read it for the full evaluation protocol.
- Creator: Kiefer SA (Sophea AI Lab, Athens)
- Base model: nvidia/NemotronH-30B-A3B (Mamba/MoE hybrid, 31.6B total / 3.58B active, 6-of-128 routing)
- Languages: Greek and English (the reasoning trace follows the question's language)
- Decoding: thinking: the reasoning trace is carried in
<think>blocks and follows the question's language; direct mode is clean (zero unrequested traces across the study's<think>-carrier direct-mode generations, n=9,751)
Serve thinking, and mind one environment note. Under the library versions the study used (transformers 5.12.1), the shipped remote modeling code trains correctly but fails at generation (
prepare_inputs_for_generationindexes acache_positionthatgenerate()passes asNone); the study evaluated withtrust_remote_code=False.mamba-ssmis optional: installing it changed step time by 0%.
Intended use
- Greek and English reasoning where answer-channel integrity matters most: 0.0% leak, and negligible fallback on math and commonsense (1.7 / 1.8%)
- Deployments that also need the base's general Greek ability: the fine-tune gains +3.8 Greek macro on the Titan-1 suite (largely catch-up against a low base)
It does not obey an instruction to reason in English on a Greek question (0.0% override; the reverse direction works at 87.5%). Do not deploy it where an operator must force English traces. Not evaluated for safety-critical, legal, or medical use.
Fine-tuned from NemotronH-30B-A3B; shipped merged to dense weights.
Evaluation
Arrows mark the desirable direction for every metric: ↑ higher is better, ↓ lower is better.
Headline scorecard
The claim replicates on a third, non-transformer architecture: the base reasons in Greek on 0% of the benchmark, the fine-tune on 97.4%, at an accuracy cost of −0.6 pp on that instrument, with generation-cap truncation falling 10.8% → 2.6% and measured loops in its traces dropping 15.0 → 0.0 per thousand rows.
Per-benchmark detail
Per-domain, Greek think lane
Read the logic cell carefully: the 9.8 macro-recall is substantially a format floor, not a capability reading. The release's fallback is negligible on math and commonsense (1.7 / 1.8%) and 39.9% on logic, the one domain where its answer form breaks; logic is also the hardest axis for every arm in the study, base models included. On the override probe this family returns 5–9% of rows too short to score (Qwen: 0%), consistent with a low reasoning ceiling.
Forgetting check: Titan-1 suite (non-reasoning mode)
This suite exists to answer one question: did the Greek fine-tune damage general ability? It did not. Against its own base, across 14 bilingual NLU benchmarks: +3.8 Greek / −2.0 English; the fine-tune gains on the Greek side and the English movement is within the range seed noise alone produces on this class of suite. Read the numbers below as a forgetting check, not a capability leaderboard.
Register control improves 40 → 44 of 46 and grammaticality roughly doubles, 13 → 27 of 58, driven by the agreement axis (judge-scored counts, directional evidence only).
Usage
Serve with vLLM (OpenAI-compatible):
vllm serve KIEFERSA/Sophea-Nemo-3-Nano-v1 --served-model-name sophea-nemo-3-nano-v1
Client (OpenAI SDK):
from openai import OpenAI
client = OpenAI(base_url="http://localhost:8000/v1", api_key="EMPTY")
resp = client.chat.completions.create(
model="sophea-nemo-3-nano-v1",
messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Ένα κατάστημα πουλά στυλό προς 1,50 € το ένα. Πόσο κοστίζουν 12 στυλό;"}],
temperature=0.7,
)
print(resp.choices[0].message.content) # <think> trace in the question's language, then the answer
Steering the trace language (partial, measured per checkpoint): append "Think step by step IN ENGLISH." to a Greek question, or "Σκέψου βήμα προς βήμα ΣΤΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ." to an English one. On this checkpoint the English suffix is not obeyed (0.0%); the Greek suffix on an English question is obeyed on 87.5% of items.
License
The fine-tuning additions are released under Apache-2.0. The model inherits the base model's license terms (nvidia/NemotronH-30B-A3B); verify the base model's license before use.
Citation
This model is a release artifact of arXiv:2608.17744. If you use it, please cite:
@misc{kirouane2026thinking,
title={Thinking in a Low-Resource Language: What SFT Builds, What RL Fixes, What Accuracy Cannot See},
author={Ayoub Kirouane and Christos Petrocheilos},
year={2026},
eprint={2608.17744},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.17744},
}