COCONUT Model

Overview

COCONUT (Chain of Continuous Thought) is a latent reasoning model based on GPT-2 that enables continuous thought generation in latent space. This model is part of the research presented in the paper Parallel Test-Time Scaling for Latent Reasoning Models.

Official Code: https://github.com/ModalityDance/LatentTTS

Model Details

• Base Architecture: GPT-2 Language Model
• Model Class: COCONUTGPT2 (extends GPT2LMHeadModel)
• Latent Tokens: Uses special tokens <|latent|>, <|start-latent|>, <|end-latent|> for latent reasoning
• Input Format: Requires newline after input question before <|start-latent|> token

Related Models

This repository includes other latent reasoning models that you might find useful:

ModalityDance/latent-tts

Installation

Download the model from HuggingFace:

huggingface-cli download ModalityDance/latent-tts-coconut --local-dir checkpoints/coconut

Quick Start

Basic Usage

Note: Inference requires the src directory and custom implementation files from the official GitHub repository.

from transformers import AutoTokenizer
from src.generation_mixin import LatentGenerationMixin, LatentGenerationConfig
from src.paths import MODELS

# Load tokenizer
model_id = "checkpoints/coconut"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
if tokenizer.pad_token is None:
    tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.eos_token

# Get latent token IDs
latent_id = tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids("<|latent|>")
start_id = tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids("<|start-latent|>")
end_id = tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids("<|end-latent|>")

# Create model class with generation mixin
class LatentCOCONUT(MODELS["coconut"]["class"], LatentGenerationMixin):
    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__(config)

# Load model
model = LatentCOCONUT.from_pretrained(
    model_id,
    latent_id=latent_id,
    latent_start_id=start_id,
    latent_end_id=end_id,
    device_map="auto",
)

# Prepare input (note: newline before <|start-latent|>)
question = "What is 2 + 2?
<|start-latent|>"
inputs = tokenizer(question, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)

# Configure generation
generation_config = LatentGenerationConfig(
    max_new_tokens=512,
    latent_length=6,
    latent_do_sample=True,
    latent_do_sample_by="dropout",  # or "noise"
    dropout_p=0.1,
    pad_token_id=tokenizer.pad_token_id,
    eos_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id,
)

# Generate
output = model.generate(
    **inputs,
    generation_config=generation_config,
    num_return_sequences=1,
)

# Decode result
result = tokenizer.decode(output[0], skip_special_tokens=True)
print(result)

Batch Processing

The model fully supports batch processing:

# Prepare batch inputs
questions = [
    "What is 2 + 2?
<|start-latent|>",
    "What is 5 * 3?
<|start-latent|>",
    "What is 10 - 4?
<|start-latent|>",
]
inputs = tokenizer(questions, return_tensors="pt", padding=True).to(model.device)

# Generate for batch
outputs = model.generate(
    **inputs,
    generation_config=generation_config,
    num_return_sequences=1,
)

# Decode batch results
results = tokenizer.batch_decode(outputs, skip_special_tokens=True)
for result in results:
    print(result)

Generation Parameters

LatentGenerationConfig

• max_new_tokens (int): Maximum number of tokens to generate
• latent_length (int): Number of latent tokens (default: 6)
• latent_do_sample (bool): Whether to use stochastic sampling
• latent_do_sample_by (str): Sampling method - "dropout" or "noise"
• dropout_p (float): Dropout probability for Monte Carlo Dropout (e.g., 0.1)
• noise_std (float): Standard deviation for Additive Gaussian Noise

Sampling Methods

1. Monte Carlo Dropout: Randomly drops activations during forward passes

   generation_config = LatentGenerationConfig(
       latent_do_sample_by="dropout",
       dropout_p=0.1,
       # ...
   )
   

2. Additive Gaussian Noise: Injects noise into latent embeddings

   generation_config = LatentGenerationConfig(
       latent_do_sample_by="noise",
       noise_std=0.1,
       # ...
   )
   

Answer Extraction

COCONUT uses a special answer format with # separator:

from src.paths import coconut_extract_answer_number

# Extract answer from generated text
answer = coconut_extract_answer_number(result)
print(f"Answer: {answer}")

Evaluation

Run evaluation using the provided scripts in the official repository:

# For COCONUT (GPT-2 based models)
./run_tests.sh

Model Card

• Paper: Parallel Test-Time Scaling for Latent Reasoning Models
• HuggingFace: ModalityDance/latent-tts-coconut
• Benchmarks: GSM8K Test, GSM8K Hard, MultiArith

Citation

If you use this model, please cite:

@misc{you2025paralleltesttimescalinglatent,
      title={Parallel Test-Time Scaling for Latent Reasoning Models}, 
      author={Runyang You and Yongqi Li and Meng Liu and Wenjie Wang and Liqiang Nie and Wenjie Li},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2510.07745},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07745}, 
}

@misc{hao2025traininglargelanguagemodels,
      title={Training Large Language Models to Reason in a Continuous Latent Space}, 
      author={Shibo Hao and Sainbayar Sukhbaatar and DiJia Su and Xian Li and Zhiting Hu and Jason Weston and Yuandong Tian},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2412.06769},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.06769}, 
}