MobileMoE-S (SFT) Model Card

MobileMoE is a family of on-device Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models with sub-billion active parameters, designed to push the quality–efficiency Pareto frontier for on-device LLMs, including three model scales (S/M/L): 0.3B/0.5B/0.9B active parameters (1.3B/2.8B/5.3B total), with <3 GB INT4 weight footprints to fit in mobile DRAM. Each scale is released in three variants: a Base model (pre-training + mid-training), an SFT model (supervised fine-tuning), and a QAT model (quantization-aware training). You are currently in the MobileMoE-S-SFT repository — the instruction-tuned 0.3B-active model.

For the detailed technical report: 📝 MobileMoE: Scaling On-Device Mixture of Experts

For more versions, check out the 🤗 MobileMoE Collection

MobileMoE establishes a new Pareto frontier for on-device LLMs. Average benchmark accuracy, computed over 14 benchmarks spanning commonsense, knowledge, science, comprehension, and reasoning, is plotted against (a) per-token inference compute Finf = 2Nact (GFLOPs) and (b) total parameters Ntotal (B); in (b), x-axis tick labels show total params (B) | projected INT4 memory (GB). Accuracy is shown for the instruction-tuned models.

Key Features

• A new Pareto frontier for on-device LLMs. Across 14 foundational benchmarks, MobileMoE matches or exceeds leading on-device dense LLMs at 2–4× fewer inference FLOPs, and matches or surpasses the state-of-the-art MoE OLMoE-1B-7B with up to 60% fewer parameters.
• Scaling-law-derived architecture. The architecture is derived from an on-device MoE scaling law that jointly optimizes under mobile memory and compute constraints, identifying an on-device sweet spot: moderate sparsity, with fine-grained experts and shared expert.
• Four-stage recipe. Pre-training → mid-training → instruction fine-tuning → INT4 quantization-aware training, all on open-source datasets.

Model Information

Model: MobileMoE-S-SFT (instruction-tuned) Active Parameters: 272M Total Parameters: 1.3B Layers: 20 Model Dimension: 768 Attention Heads: 12 KV Heads: 4 (GQA) Head Dimension: 64 Routed Experts: 60 (fine-grained, FFN hidden dim 384 each) Active Experts per Token: 4 (top-k sigmoid routing, with normalization) Shared Expert: 1, always on (FFN hidden dim 1536) Vocabulary Size: 128,256 Other Features: QK-Norm, tied input/output embeddings, RoPE (θ = 500,000) Chat Template: Yes (end-of-turn token <|eot|>) Input Modality: Text Output Modality: Text Languages: English Training Stages: Pre-training → mid-training → supervised fine-tuning (SFT) Context Length: 8,192 tokens Precision: BF16 Model Developer: Meta Model Release Date: Aug 2026 License: MobileMoE is FAIR NC licensed

Results

All results below are for the instruction-tuned (SFT) models. We re-evaluated every model under identical settings in non-thinking mode with greedy decoding, using lm-eval together with the official allenai/IFBench package. Few-shot counts are shown in parentheses after benchmark names; benchmarks without a count are evaluated 0-shot. The MobileMoE results use the exact weights in this repository, which include brief fine-tuning with self-identity beyond the SFT checkpoint in the technical report, resulting in a small difference: a foundational-benchmark average of 47.2 here versus 46.7 in the report.

Foundational benchmarks

Other capabilities

Training

MobileMoE uses a four-stage recipe. This checkpoint is the output of stage 3 (supervised fine-tuning).

MobileMoE four-stage training recipe: pre-training (PT) → mid-training (MT) → instruct supervised fine-tuning (SFT) → quantization-aware training (QAT) with INT4 precision.

How to use

MobileMoE uses a custom architecture (model_type: mobilemoe) that is not yet part of upstream transformers, so trust_remote_code=True is required. The modeling code ships in this repo (configuration_mobilemoe.py, modeling_mobilemoe.py).

Requirements

pip install "torch>=2.1" "transformers>=4.57" "safetensors>=0.4" "accelerate>=1.0"

Verified with the following versions:

For batch evaluation we recommend vLLM (≥ 0.10.2) with enforce_eager=True.

Known issues. Loading the tokenizer on transformers 4.57.6 prints a fix_mistral_regex=True warning. Please ignore it and do not set the flag — MobileMoE uses the Llama-3 128k text vocabulary, whose default tokenization is already correct.

Chat

This instruction-tuned model includes a chat template. Format prompts with apply_chat_template; the template uses <|eot|> to mark the end of each turn.

import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM

MODEL_ID = "facebook/MobileMoE-S-SFT"

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(MODEL_ID)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    MODEL_ID,
    trust_remote_code=True,
    dtype=torch.bfloat16,
)
model.to("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
model.eval()

messages = [{"role": "user", "content": "Why are open-source on-device language models great?"}]
input_ids = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
    messages, add_generation_prompt=True, return_tensors="pt"
).to(model.device)

outputs = model.generate(
    input_ids,
    attention_mask=torch.ones_like(input_ids),
    max_new_tokens=1024,
    do_sample=False,
    temperature=None,
    top_p=None,
    pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id,
)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0][input_ids.shape[-1]:], skip_special_tokens=True))

For multi-turn conversations, append each generated reply to messages with the assistant role. This ensures that each subsequent prompt includes the complete conversation history:

messages = []

for user_message in ["Who are you?", "Why are open-source on-device language models great?"]:
    messages.append({"role": "user", "content": user_message})
    input_ids = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
        messages, add_generation_prompt=True, return_tensors="pt"
    ).to(model.device)
    outputs = model.generate(
        input_ids,
        attention_mask=torch.ones_like(input_ids),
        max_new_tokens=1024,
        do_sample=False,
        temperature=None,
        top_p=None,
        pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id,
    )
    reply = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0][input_ids.shape[-1]:], skip_special_tokens=True).strip()
    messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": reply})
    print(reply)

Citation

@article{chen2026mobilemoe,
  title={MobileMoE: Scaling On-Device Mixture of Experts},
  author={Chen, Yanbei and Huang, Hanxian and Chang, Ernie and Szwejbka, Jacob and Desai, Digant and Liu, Zechun and Chandra, Vikas and Krishnamoorthi, Raghuraman},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.27358},
  year={2026}
}

License

MobileMoE is distributed under the FAIR Noncommercial Research License.