Granite-Embedding-278m-multilingual

Model Summary: Granite-Embedding-278M-Multilingual is a 278M parameter model from the Granite Embeddings suite that can be used to generate high quality text embeddings. This model produces embedding vectors of size 768 and is trained using a combination of open source relevance-pair datasets with permissive, enterprise-friendly license, and IBM collected and generated datasets. This model is developed using contrastive finetuning, knowledge distillation and model merging for improved performance.

• Developers: Granite Embedding Team, IBM
• GitHub Repository: ibm-granite/granite-embedding-models
• Website: Granite Docs
• Paper: Technical Report
• Release Date: December 18th, 2024
• License: Apache 2.0

Supported Languages: English, German, Spanish, French, Japanese, Portuguese, Arabic, Czech, Italian, Korean, Dutch, and Chinese. Users may finetune Granite-Embedding-278M-Multilingual for languages beyond these 12 languages.

Intended use: The model is designed to produce fixed length vector representations for a given text, which can be used for text similarity, retrieval, and search applications.

Usage with Sentence Transformers: The model is compatible with SentenceTransformer library and is very easy to use:

First, install the sentence transformers library

pip install sentence_transformers

The model can then be used to encode pairs of text and find the similarity between their representations

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer, util

model_path = "ibm-granite/granite-embedding-278m-multilingual"
# Load the Sentence Transformer model
model = SentenceTransformer(model_path)

input_queries = [
    ' Who made the song My achy breaky heart? ',
    'summit define'
    ]

input_passages = [
    "Achy Breaky Heart is a country song written by Don Von Tress. Originally titled Don't Tell My Heart and performed by The Marcy Brothers in 1991. ",
    "Definition of summit for English Language Learners. : 1 the highest point of a mountain : the top of a mountain. : 2 the highest level. : 3 a meeting or series of meetings between the leaders of two or more governments."
    ]

# encode queries and passages
query_embeddings = model.encode(input_queries)
passage_embeddings = model.encode(input_passages)

# calculate cosine similarity
print(util.cos_sim(query_embeddings, passage_embeddings))

Usage with Huggingface Transformers: This is a simple example of how to use the Granite-Embedding-278m-Multilingual model with the Transformers library and PyTorch.

First, install the required libraries

pip install transformers torch

The model can then be used to encode pairs of text

import torch
from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer

model_path = "ibm-granite/granite-embedding-278m-multilingual"

# Load the model and tokenizer
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(model_path)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path)
model.eval()

input_queries = [
    ' Who made the song My achy breaky heart? ',
    'summit define'
    ]

# tokenize inputs
tokenized_queries = tokenizer(input_queries, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt')

# encode queries
with torch.no_grad():
    # Queries
    model_output = model(**tokenized_queries)
    # Perform pooling. granite-embedding-278m-multilingual uses CLS Pooling
    query_embeddings = model_output[0][:, 0]

# normalize the embeddings
query_embeddings = torch.nn.functional.normalize(query_embeddings, dim=1)

Evaluation: The average performance of the Granite-Embedding-278M-Multilingual on Multilingual Miracl (across 18 langauges), Mintaka Retrieval (across 8 languages) and MTEB Retrieval for English (across 15 tasks), German (across 4 tasks), Spanish (across 2 tasks), Frenc (across 5 tasks), Japanese (across 2 tasks), Arabic (1 task), Korean (1 task) and Chinese (across 8 tasks) is reported below.

Model Architecture: Granite-Embedding-278m-Multilingual is based on an encoder-only XLM-RoBERTa like transformer architecture, trained internally at IBM Research.

Training Data: Overall, the training data consists of four key sources: (1) unsupervised title-body paired data scraped from the web, (2) publicly available paired with permissive, enterprise-friendly license, (3) IBM-internal paired data targetting specific technical domains, and (4) IBM-generated synthetic data. The data is listed below:

Notably, we do not use the popular MS-MARCO retrieval dataset in our training corpus due to its non-commercial license, while other open-source models train on this dataset due to its high quality.

Infrastructure: We train Granite Embedding Models using IBM's computing cluster, Cognitive Compute Cluster, which is outfitted with NVIDIA A100 80gb GPUs. This cluster provides a scalable and efficient infrastructure for training our models over multiple GPUs.

Ethical Considerations and Limitations: The data used to train the base language model was filtered to remove text containing hate, abuse, and profanity. Granite-Embedding-278m-Multilingual is finetuned on 12 languages, and has a context length of 512 tokens (longer texts will be truncated to this size).

Resources

• ⭐️ Learn about the latest updates with Granite: https://www.ibm.com/granite
• 📄 Get started with tutorials, best practices, and prompt engineering advice: https://www.ibm.com/granite/docs/
• 💡 Learn about the latest Granite learning resources: https://ibm.biz/granite-learning-resources