VectraYX-Base-260M

VectraYX-Base-260M is a 260M parameter language model specialized in cybersecurity for Latin America, trained from scratch in Spanish. It supports native tool use with <|tool_call|>, explicit reasoning with <think>, and technical conversation in Latin American Spanish.

Compact architecture, efficient on CPU/GPU, deployable with Ollama and llama.cpp.

Key Features

• 260M parameters — lightweight, fast, deployable on consumer hardware
• Native tool use — generates <|tool_call|>{...}<|/tool_call|> JSON blocks
• Chain-of-thought — explicit reasoning with <think>...</think> tags
• LATAM-first — trained on Latin American Spanish corpus (laws, regulations, regional context)
• Cybersecurity-first — CVE Q&A, threat classification, pentesting commands, MITRE ATT&CK
• GGUF / llama.cpp — compatible with Ollama, LM Studio, llama.cpp

Architecture

Training Pipeline

Phase 1 — General Pretraining

• Corpus: general conversational Spanish
• Tokens seen: ~4.24B
• Goal: linguistic base and Latin American Spanish comprehension

Phase 2 — Technical Specialization

• Corpus: cybersecurity documentation, CVEs, writeups, tools
• Tokens seen: 2.03B (epochs=1.0)
• Steps: 15,500 | Final loss: 2.07
• Total accumulated: 6.27B tokens (~1.2× Chinchilla optimal for 260M)

Phase 3 — Domain Adaptation (tools + LATAM)

• Corpus: 31,969 hybrid examples with <think> + LATAM + tool SFT
  • Cybersec hybrids generated with GPT-4.1-mini + real Kali/Ubuntu sandbox
  • LATAM: cybersecurity laws, regulations, regional corpus
  • Tool SFT inherited from VectraYX-Nano
• Epochs: 0.1 (surgical pass, no overfitting)
• Mix: 70% tools, 20% tech replay, 10% conv replay

SFT — Instructions + tool use + thinking

• Data: 17,508 examples with loss masking on assistant turns
• Thinking: supervised <think> examples (Option A)
• Curriculum:
  • Epoch 1: 100% conversational
  • Epoch 2: 70% conv + 30% CVE Q&A
  • Epoch 3: 55% conv + 30% CVE + 15% tool use (with <think>)
• Steps: 1,065 | Final loss: 0.064

Benchmarks — VectraYX-Bench

Evaluated with the internal VectraYX-Bench harness (B1–B5), N=1 seed.

Note: B2 drops slightly post-SFT — expected, as SFT prioritizes tool use and conversation over classification. B3 and B5 show the largest gains.

Qualitative Evaluation (22 questions, 7 categories)

Zero-shot evaluation with llama.cpp on CPU (Azure Standard_D8s_v3). N=22 questions covering CVE knowledge, tool use, chain-of-thought, pentesting commands, MITRE ATT&CK, and conversation.

Results by Category

*CVE and Tool Use require external augmentation: the model is designed to query CVE facts via <|tool_call|> rather than memorize them. With tool augmentation (NVD/CISA KEV backend) scores improve significantly (see B1=0.341, B4=0.230 in VectraYX-Bench).

Behavioral Metrics

Example Responses

Nmap scan with chain-of-thought + tool_call:

Q: Give me the exact nmap command to detect services and versions on 192.168.1.0/24,
   scanning all TCP ports.

A: <think>To detect services and versions on 192.168.1.0/24, I should use nmap
with the -sV flag which detects open service versions. I will run nmap -sV
192.168.1.1 to get this information.</think>
<|tool_call|>{"name": "bash_exec", "args": {"cmd": "nmap -sV -p- 192.168.1.0/24"}}<|/tool_call|>

SUID binaries (exact answer):

Q: What is the find command to search for SUID binaries in Linux that could be
   used for privilege escalation?

A: find / -perm -4000 -type f 2>/dev/null

Hydra SSH brute-force with reasoning:

Q: How would you use Hydra to brute-force SSH on 10.0.0.1 with rockyou.txt?

A: <think>The user wants to perform a brute-force attack on SSH at 10.0.0.1
using the rockyou.txt wordlist. I should use Hydra with -l for the user
and -P for the wordlist.</think>
hydra -l root -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ssh://10.0.0.1 -t 4

Gobuster directory fuzzing:

Q: Give me a gobuster command for directory fuzzing on http://target.com using common.txt.

A: gobuster dir -u http://target.com -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt

Observations

• Primary strength: pentesting command generation (nmap, hydra, gobuster, find SUID) — 100% accuracy with direct prompts.
• Chain-of-thought: <think> activates in 41% of responses, including complex commands and incident analysis.
• CVE knowledge: the model has general severity knowledge but does not memorize specific CVEs — intentional design. With tool augmentation (NVD/CISA KEV) responses are precise.
• Zero-shot tool use: <|tool_call|> activation is lower on generic prompts. The model responds best when the system prompt includes the exact tool schema from training.

Quick Start

With Ollama

ollama run jsantillana/vectrayx-base-260m

With llama.cpp

llama-cli -m vectrayx-base-260m-f16.gguf \
  --prompt "<|system|>You are VectraYX, a cybersecurity expert for LATAM.<|end|><|user|>How do I scan open ports on a network?<|end|><|assistant|>" \
  -n 512 --temp 0.7

With Python (llama-cpp-python)

from llama_cpp import Llama

llm = Llama(model_path="vectrayx-base-260m-f16.gguf", n_ctx=1024)
response = llm(
    "<|system|>You are VectraYX, cybersecurity expert for LATAM.<|end|>"
    "<|user|>Explain CVE-2021-44228<|end|><|assistant|>",
    max_tokens=512,
    temperature=0.7,
)
print(response["choices"][0]["text"])

Conversation Format

<|system|>System instructions<|end|>
<|user|>User question<|end|>
<|assistant|><think>
Internal reasoning here...
</think>
<|tool_call|>{"name": "nvd_get_cve", "args": {"cve_id": "CVE-2021-44228"}}<|/tool_call|>
<|tool_result|>{"cvss_score": 9.8, "severity": "CRITICAL", ...}<|/tool_result|>
Response to user...<|end|>

Available Tools

Training Data

The model was trained on:

• General conversational Spanish corpus (Phase 1)
• Cybersecurity technical documentation and CVEs (Phase 2)
• Synthetic hybrid dataset generated with GPT-4.1-mini + real Kali Linux sandbox:
  • help_grounding, unknown_tool, man_section, multi_hop_2/3
  • recovery, negative_no_tool, cvss_reasoning, ad_attacks
  • malware_analysis, red_blue_dual, compliance_report
• LATAM corpus: Latin American cybersecurity laws, national regulations, regional context
• Tool SFT inherited from VectraYX-Nano: tool_sft_mini_v1, tool_sft_v3_bash, tooluse_dataset

Responsible Use

This model is designed for cybersecurity professionals, incident response teams, and educators in Latin America. Knowledge of offensive techniques is included for educational and defensive purposes.

Do not use for: unauthorized attacks, exploitation of systems without permission, or illegal activities.

VectraYX Family

Citation

@misc{vectrayx-base-260m-2026,
  title        = {VectraYX-Base-260M: A Cybersecurity Language Model for Latin America},
  author       = {Santillana, Juan S.},
  year         = {2026},
  publisher    = {Hugging Face},
  url          = {https://huggingface.co/jsantillana/vectrayx-base-260m-gguf}
}

Trained on Azure H100 NVL · Pipeline: PyTorch + llama.cpp · Exported to GGUF