llm-jp-4-32b-a3b-thinking
LLM-jp-4 is a series of large language models developed by the Research and Development Center for Large Language Models at the National Institute of Informatics.
This repository provides the llm-jp-4-32b-a3b-thinking model. For an overview of the LLM-jp-4 models across different parameter sizes, please refer to:
Base models are trained with pre-training and mid-training only. Post-trained models are aligned using supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and direct preference optimization (DPO), without reinforcement learning.
For practical usage examples and detailed instructions on how to use the models, please also refer to our cookbook.
To support the continued development of LLM-jp, we would greatly appreciate it if you could share how you utilize LLM-jp outcomes via the survey form.
Usage
Please refer to our cookbook for practical usage examples and detailed instructions on how to use the models.
Model Details
- Model type: Transformer-based Language Model
- Architectures:
Dense model:
| Params | Layers | Hidden size | Heads | Context length | Embedding parameters | Non-embedding parameters | Total parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8B | 32 | 4,096 | 32 | 65,536 | 805,306,368 | 7,784,894,464 | 8,590,200,832 |
MoE model:
| Params | Layers | Hidden size | Heads | Routed Experts | Activated Experts | Context length | Embedding parameters | Non-embedding parameters | Activated parameters | Total parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32B-A3B | 32 | 2,560 | 40 | 128 | 8 | 65,536 | 503,316,480 | 31,635,712,512 | 3,827,476,992 | 32,139,028,992 |
Tokenizer
The tokenizer of this model is based on huggingface/tokenizers Unigram byte-fallback model.
The vocabulary entries were converted from llm-jp-tokenizer v4.0.
Please refer to README.md of llm-jp-tokenizer for details on the vocabulary construction procedure (the pure SentencePiece training does not reproduce our vocabulary).
[!NOTE] The chat template of this model is designed to be compatible with the OpenAI Harmony response format. However, the tokenizer differs from the one assumed by the
openai-harmonylibrary, and therefore direct tokenization withopenai-harmonyis not supported. For correct behavior, please use the tokenizer provided with this model. For detailed usage, please refer to our cookbook.
Training
Pre-training
This model is trained through a multi-stage pipeline consisting of pre-training and mid-training phases, using a total of 11.7T tokens.
The corpora used for pre-training and mid-training are publicly available at the following links:
[!NOTE] Although most of the corpora have been released, some portions are excluded from public release due to licensing constraints.
Post-training
We have fine-tuned the pre-trained checkpoint using SFT and further aligned it with DPO.
The datasets used for post-training are also publicly available at the following links:
Evaluation
llm-jp-judge
We evaluated the model on a variety of tasks using an LLM-as-a-Judge framework. The descriptions of each task are as follows.
- MT-Bench (JA/EN): A benchmark for measuring multi-turn conversational task-solving ability.
- AnswerCarefully: A benchmark for evaluating safety in Japanese. We used 336 questions from the v2.0 test set.
- llm-jp-instructions: A set of human-created single-turn question–answer pairs. We used 400 questions from the test set.
We evaluated the models using gpt-5.4-2026-03-05.
[!NOTE] Note: In earlier evaluations of the llm-jp-3 series, we used
gpt-4o-2024-08-06. The newer evaluatorgpt-5.4-2026-03-05provides a stricter and more reliable assessment, which results in lower scores on benchmarks such as MT-Bench compared to those reported for the llm-jp-3 series.
The scores represent the average values obtained from three rounds of inference and evaluation. For more details, please refer to the codes.
| Model Name | MT-Bench (JA) | MT-Bench (EN) | AnswerCarefully | llm-jp-instructions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gpt-4o-2024-08-06 | 7.29 | 7.69 | 4.00 | 4.07 |
| gpt-5.4-2026-03-05 (reasoning_effort = low) | 8.87 | 8.76 | 4.38 | 4.79 |
| gpt-5.4-2026-03-05 (reasoning_effort = medium) | 8.87 | 8.89 | 4.43 | 4.82 |
| gpt-5.4-2026-03-05 (reasoning_effort = high) | 8.98 | 8.85 | 4.41 | 4.83 |
| gpt-oss-20b (reasoning_effort = low) | 7.21 | 7.95 | 3.39 | 3.08 |
| gpt-oss-20b (reasoning_effort = medium) | 7.33 | 7.85 | 3.55 | 3.16 |
| llm-jp-4-8b-thinking (reasoning_effort = low) | 7.23 | 7.54 | 3.58 | 3.50 |
| llm-jp-4-8b-thinking (reasoning_effort = medium) | 7.54 | 7.79 | 3.69 | 3.54 |
| llm-jp-4-32b-a3b-thinking (reasoning_effort = low) | 7.57 | 7.70 | 3.61 | 3.61 |
| llm-jp-4-32b-a3b-thinking (reasoning_effort = medium) | 7.82 | 7.86 | 3.70 | 3.61 |
Risks and Limitations
The models released here are in the early stages of our research and development and have not been tuned to ensure outputs align with human intent and safety considerations.
Send Questions to
llm-jp(at)nii.ac.jp
License
Acknowledgement
To develop this model, we used the NINJAL Web Japanese Corpus (whole-NWJC) from the National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (NINJAL).
Model Card Authors
The names are listed in alphabetical order.
Hirokazu Kiyomaru and Takashi Kodama.