SentenceTransformer based on BAAI/bge-m3

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from BAAI/bge-m3. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• Base model: BAAI/bge-m3
• Maximum Sequence Length: 8192 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 1024 dimensions
• Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 8192, 'do_lower_case': False, 'architecture': 'XLMRobertaModel'})
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("sentence_transformers_model_id")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    '{"patient":"{"age": "58.0", "age_cod": "yr", "gndr_cod": "f", "wt": "101.15", "wt_cod": "kg"}","treatment":"{"drugname": "rinvoq", "route": "oral", "dose": "frequency : daily;?"}","indi_pt":"rheumatoid arthritis"}',
    '{"pt": "pain; headache; dizziness; swelling face; therapy interrupted", "uni_code": "NA"}',
    '{"pt": "alanine aminotransferase increased; aspartate aminotransferase increased; bacteria urine identified; blood pressure increased; blood sodium decreased; blood urea increased; blood urine; cerebral ischaemia; chills; coma; haematocrit decreased; haemoglobin decreased; haemorrhage intracranial; musculoskeletal discomfort; pallor; platelet count decreased; protein urine present; pyrexia; refusal of treatment by patient; sinus pain; urinary casts; urinary sediment present; white blood cell count decreased; white blood cell count increased; white blood cells urine positive", "uni_code": "DE"}',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 1024]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities)
# tensor([[ 1.0000,  0.5472, -0.0551],
#         [ 0.5472,  1.0000, -0.1079],
#         [-0.0551, -0.1079,  1.0000]])

Evaluation

Metrics

Information Retrieval

• Evaluated with InformationRetrievalEvaluator

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• Size: 400,000 training samples
• Columns: sentence_0 and sentence_1
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	sentence_0	sentence_1
  type	string	string
  details	min: 105 tokensmean: 299.0 tokensmax: 2505 tokens	min: 20 tokensmean: 40.49 tokensmax: 282 tokens

• Samples:

  sentence_0	sentence_1
  {"patient":"{"age": "15.0", "age_cod": "yr", "gndr_cod": "f", "wt": "60.0", "wt_cod": "kg"}","treatment":"{"drugname": "rizatriptan.", "route": "oral", "dose": "qd, tablet"}; {"drugname": "amitriptyline", "route": "oral", "dose": "qd, tablet"}; {"drugname": "mirtazapine.", "route": "oral", "dose": "qd, tablet"}; {"drugname": "sumatriptan.", "route": "oral", "dose": "qd, tablet"}","indi_pt":"suicidal ideation; suicidal ideation; suicidal ideation"}	{"pt": "acute respiratory failure; intentional overdose; somnolence; sopor; toxicity to various agents", "uni_code": "HO"}
  {"patient":"{"age": "38.0", "age_cod": "yr", "gndr_cod": "m", "wt": "86.17", "wt_cod": "kg"}","treatment":"{"drugname": "albuterol sulfate.", "route": "respiratory (inhalation)", "dose": "180 mcg, prn"}; {"drugname": "albuterol sulfate.", "route": "respiratory (inhalation)", "dose": "180 mcg, prn"}","indi_pt":"asthma"}	{"pt": "chest discomfort; device delivery system issue", "uni_code": "NA"}
  {"patient":"{"age": "62.0", "age_cod": "yr", "gndr_cod": "f", "wt": "90.7", "wt_cod": "kg"}","treatment":"{"drugname": "effexor xr", "route": "nan", "dose": "nan"}; {"drugname": "effexor xr", "route": "nan", "dose": "nan"}; {"drugname": "effexor xr", "route": "nan", "dose": "nan"}; {"drugname": "venlafaxine hcl", "route": "nan", "dose": "nan"}; {"drugname": "venlafaxine hcl", "route": "nan", "dose": "nan"}; {"drugname": "venlafaxine hcl", "route": "nan", "dose": "nan"}; {"drugname": "venlafaxine hydrochloride", "route": "nan", "dose": "nan"}; {"drugname": "venlafaxine hydrochloride", "route": "nan", "dose": "nan"}; {"drugname": "venlafaxine hydrochloride", "route": "nan", "dose": "nan"}; {"drugname": "venlafaxine hydrochloride", "route": "nan", "dose": "nan"}; {"drugname": "venlafaxine hydrochloride", "route": "nan", "dose": "nan"}; {"drugname": "venlafaxine hydrochloride", "route": "nan", "dose": "nan"}; {"drugname": "wellbutrin", "route": "nan", "dose": "100 mg, daily"}","indi_pt":"m...	{"pt": "arthropathy; drug ineffective", "uni_code": "NA"}

• Loss: MultipleNegativesRankingLoss with these parameters:

  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
  }
  

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• eval_strategy: steps
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

All Hyperparameters

• overwrite_output_dir: False
• do_predict: False
• eval_strategy: steps
• prediction_loss_only: True
• per_device_train_batch_size: 8
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 8
• per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
• per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
• eval_accumulation_steps: None
• torch_empty_cache_steps: None
• learning_rate: 5e-05
• weight_decay: 0.0
• adam_beta1: 0.9
• adam_beta2: 0.999
• adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• max_grad_norm: 1
• num_train_epochs: 3
• max_steps: -1
• lr_scheduler_type: linear
• lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
• warmup_ratio: 0.0
• warmup_steps: 0
• log_level: passive
• log_level_replica: warning
• log_on_each_node: True
• logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• save_safetensors: True
• save_on_each_node: False
• save_only_model: False
• restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• no_cuda: False
• use_cpu: False
• use_mps_device: False
• seed: 42
• data_seed: None
• jit_mode_eval: False
• use_ipex: False
• bf16: False
• fp16: False
• fp16_opt_level: O1
• half_precision_backend: auto
• bf16_full_eval: False
• fp16_full_eval: False
• tf32: None
• local_rank: 0
• ddp_backend: None
• tpu_num_cores: None
• tpu_metrics_debug: False
• debug: []
• dataloader_drop_last: False
• dataloader_num_workers: 0
• dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• past_index: -1
• disable_tqdm: False
• remove_unused_columns: True
• label_names: None
• load_best_model_at_end: False
• ignore_data_skip: False
• fsdp: []
• fsdp_min_num_params: 0
• fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
• fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
• accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
• deepspeed: None
• label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• optim: adamw_torch
• optim_args: None
• adafactor: False
• group_by_length: False
• length_column_name: length
• ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• dataloader_pin_memory: True
• dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• skip_memory_metrics: True
• use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
• push_to_hub: False
• resume_from_checkpoint: None
• hub_model_id: None
• hub_strategy: every_save
• hub_private_repo: None
• hub_always_push: False
• hub_revision: None
• gradient_checkpointing: False
• gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• include_inputs_for_metrics: False
• include_for_metrics: []
• eval_do_concat_batches: True
• fp16_backend: auto
• push_to_hub_model_id: None
• push_to_hub_organization: None
• mp_parameters:
• auto_find_batch_size: False
• full_determinism: False
• torchdynamo: None
• ray_scope: last
• ddp_timeout: 1800
• torch_compile: False
• torch_compile_backend: None
• torch_compile_mode: None
• include_tokens_per_second: False
• include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
• neftune_noise_alpha: None
• optim_target_modules: None
• batch_eval_metrics: False
• eval_on_start: False
• use_liger_kernel: False
• liger_kernel_config: None
• eval_use_gather_object: False
• average_tokens_across_devices: False
• prompts: None
• batch_sampler: batch_sampler
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin
• router_mapping: {}
• learning_rate_mapping: {}

Training Logs

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.11.5
• Sentence Transformers: 5.0.0
• Transformers: 4.54.0
• PyTorch: 2.7.1+cu126
• Accelerate: 1.9.0
• Datasets: 4.0.0
• Tokenizers: 0.21.2

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}