Ternary-Bonsai-4B-gguf

Ternary (1.58-bit) language model in GGUF Q2_0 format for llama.cpp

Resources

• White Paper
• Demo repo — examples for serving, benchmarking, and integrating Bonsai
• Discord — community support and updates
• Kernels: Q2_0 is not yet in mainline llama.cpp. Use our fork at PrismML-Eng/llama.cpp (prism branch, default) which adds Q2_0 support for CPU (NEON/generic) and Metal. Upstream PR coming soon.

Model Overview

Quantization Format: GGUF Q2_0 (g128)

Each weight takes a value from {-1, 0, +1}, with one shared FP16 scale per group of 128 weights:

w_i = scale_g * t_i,    t_i in {-1, 0, +1}

Q2_0 encodes each weight as a 2-bit code q in {0, 1, 2, 3}, dequantized via w = (q - 1) * scale. One 128-element block is 34 bytes (2 bytes FP16 scale + 32 bytes of packed 2-bit codes) for an effective 2.125 bits/weight. The fourth code point (q = 3, reconstructing to +2 * scale) is reserved for future extensions; for ternary weights it is unused.

Memory

Files in this repo

Quickstart

Build from the Prism fork

git clone https://github.com/PrismML-Eng/llama.cpp
cd llama.cpp
cmake -B build -DGGML_METAL=ON   # or -DGGML_CUDA=ON, -DGGML_VULKAN=ON
cmake --build build -j

llama.cpp CLI

./build/bin/llama-cli \
  -m Ternary-Bonsai-4B-Q2_0.gguf \
  -p "Explain quantum computing in simple terms." \
  -n 256

llama.cpp server

./build/bin/llama-server -m Ternary-Bonsai-4B-Q2_0.gguf -c 4096

Throughput (llama.cpp, Apple M4 Pro 48 GB)

Flags: -ngl 99 -fa 1 for Metal; -ngl 0 -fa 1 -t 10 for CPU.

Fidelity (Q2_0 vs FP16 baseline)

Q2_0 is effectively lossless for ternary weights — the ternary values land exactly on three of the four 2-bit code points, so quantize/dequantize is bit-exact in the absence of FP16 scale rounding.

Benchmarks

Evaluated with EvalScope v1.4.2 + vLLM 0.15.1 on NVIDIA H100. Full benchmark suite:

Intelligence Density

density = -ln(1 - score/100) / size_GB

Citation

@techreport{ternarybonsai,
    title   = {Ternary Bonsai: 1.58-bit Language Models at 8B, 4B, and 1.7B Scale},
    author  = {Prism ML},
    year    = {2026},
    month   = {April},
    url     = {https://prismml.com}
}

Contact

For questions, feedback, or collaboration inquiries: contact@prismml.com