Kakugo 3B Najdi Arabic
This is Kakugo 3B Najdi Arabic, a small language model (SLM) fine-tuned to interact with the user in Najdi Arabic.
For Kakugo in other languages, check out the model and dataset collections.
How to use
To use this model, you can use your preferred LLM inference package.
This model should work with any package that supports the original base model ibm-granite/granite-4.0-micro.
We provide examples for how to run this with Huggingface or vLLM:
First, make sure transformers is installed on your machine.
pip install transformers
Then run the following Python code to generate a response from the LLM.
from transformers import pipeline
generator = pipeline(model="ptrdvn/kakugo-3B-ars", task="text-generation")
user_input = input("Please enter your input to the model in Najdi Arabic:")
do_reasoning = False
open_thinking_tag = "<think>"
close_thinking_tag = "</think>"
if do_reasoning:
sys_msg = f"Before you respond, first think about your response and enclose your thinking process in {open_thinking_tag} and {close_thinking_tag} delimiters."
else:
sys_msg = "Be concise in your responses."
message = [
{"role": "system", "content": sys_msg},
{"role": "user", "content": user_input}
]
output = generator(
message,
do_sample=False,
repetition_penalty=1.05,
)
model_response = output[0]["generated_text"][-1]["content"]
if do_reasoning:
model_response = model_response.split(close_thinking_tag)[-1]
print(model_response)
N.B. - We recommend using a repetition_penalty of 1.05 as sometimes the model can stuck in a loop of generating repetitive text when generating low-resource languages.
You can set do_reasoning to be either True or False to turn "thinking mode" on or off, respectively. If the model is used in thinking mode, then it will take longer to generate a response, but may lead to a better generated response.
This mode is still experimental, so try both using and not using it for your use-case.
First, make sure vllm is installed on your machine.
pip install vllm
Then run the following Python code to generate a response from the LLM.
from vllm import LLM, SamplingParams
llm = LLM(model="ptrdvn/kakugo-3B-ars")
user_input = input("Please enter your input to the model in Najdi Arabic:")
do_reasoning = True
open_thinking_tag = "<think>"
close_thinking_tag = "</think>"
if do_reasoning:
sys_msg = f"Before you respond, first think about your response and enclose your thinking process in {open_thinking_tag} and {close_thinking_tag} delimiters."
else:
sys_msg = "Be concise in your responses."
sampling_params = SamplingParams(temperature=0, repetition_penalty=1.05, max_tokens=2048)
messages = [[
{"role": "system", "content": sys_msg},
{"role": "user", "content": user_input}
]]
output = llm.chat(messages, sampling_params)
model_response = output[0].outputs[0].text
if do_reasoning:
model_response = model_response.split(close_thinking_tag)[-1]
print(model_response)
N.B. - When using vllm for inference of multiple inputs, we recommend inputting them all at once. I.e., add more items to the outer list of the messages variable in the above script. More on vLLM optimization.
We recommend using a repetition_penalty of 1.05 as sometimes the model can stuck in a loop of generating repetitive text when generating low-resource languages.
You can set do_reasoning to be either True or False to turn "thinking mode" on or off, respectively. If the model is used in thinking mode, then it will take longer to generate a response, but may lead to a better generated response.
This mode is still experimental, so try both using and not using it for your use-case.
Training data
The training data for this model can be found at ptrdvn/kakugo-ars.
This data was created by prompting openai/gpt-oss-120b to generate prompts and responses in Najdi Arabic. We also translate a set of prompts and responses from the BAAI/Infinity-Instruct dataset.
More details about exactly how we created our data can be found in our paper.
Training
Full details of how this model was created (and how you can train a model in your own chosen language) can be found on our Github repo.
To make this model, we fine-tuned ibm-granite/granite-4.0-micro for 1 epoch on ptrdvn/kakugo-ars using Llama Factory.
### model
model_name_or_path: ibm-granite/granite-4.0-micro
trust_remote_code: true
### method
stage: sft
do_train: true
finetuning_type: full
deepspeed: examples/deepspeed/ds_z3_config.json # choices: [ds_z0_config.json, ds_z2_config.json, ds_z3_config.json]
### dataset
dataset_dir: /workspace/train
dataset: ptrdvn/kakugo-ars
template: granite4
cutoff_len: 8000
overwrite_cache: true
preprocessing_num_workers: 16
dataloader_num_workers: 4
packing: true
### Reporting
report_to: wandb
run_name: ptrdvn/kakugo-ars
logging_steps: 1
### output
output_dir: ptrdvn/kakugo-ars
save_strategy: "no"
save_steps: 99999999
plot_loss: true
overwrite_output_dir: true
save_only_model: true
### train
per_device_train_batch_size: 1
gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
learning_rate: 1.0e-5
num_train_epochs: 1.0
lr_scheduler_type: cosine
warmup_ratio: 0.05
bf16: true
ddp_timeout: 180000000
resume_from_checkpoint: null
## eval
val_size: 0.02
per_device_eval_batch_size: 1
eval_strategy: steps
eval_steps: 0.2
Credits
This model was trained by @ptrdvn
If you use this model, please cite:
@article{devine2026kakugo,
title={Kakugo: Distillation of Low-Resource Languages into Small Language Models},
author={Devine, Peter and Sanni, Mardhiyah and Adilazuarda, Farid and Loizaga, Julieta Gil and Haddow, Barry},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.14051},
year={2026}
}