Visual Spatial Tuning: VST-3B-RL

This model is described in the paper Visual Spatial Tuning.

TL;DR: VST is a comprehensive framework designed to cultivate Vision-Language Models (VLMs) with human-like visuospatial abilities—from spatial perception to advanced reasoning.

💡 Key Highlights

✨ VST-P: 4.1M samples across 19 skills, spanning single images, multi-image scenarios, and videos—boosting spatial perception in VLMs.
✨ VST-R: 135K curated samples that teach models to reason in space, including step-by-step reasoning and rule-based data for reinforcement learning.
✨ Progressive Training Pipeline: Start with supervised fine-tuning to build foundational spatial knowledge, then reinforce spatial reasoning abilities via RL. VST achieves state-of-the-art results on spatial benchmarks (34.8% on MMSI-Bench, 61.2% on VSIBench) without compromising general capabilities.
✨ Vision-Language-Action Models Enhanced: The VST paradigm significantly strengthens spatial tuning, paving the way for more physically grounded AI.

📈 Spatial & General Benchmarks

📈 VSIBench

Quickstart

pip install transformers
# It's highly recommanded to use `[decord]` feature for faster video loading.
pip install qwen-vl-utils

Using 🤗 Transformers to Chat

Here we show a code snippet to show you how to use the chat model with transformers and qwen_vl_utils:

import torch
from transformers import Qwen2_5_VLForConditionalGeneration, AutoTokenizer, AutoProcessor
from qwen_vl_utils import process_vision_info

THINK_SYSTEM_PROMPT = "You are a helpful assistant. You should first think about the reasoning process in the mind and then provide the user with the answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think> </think> tags, i.e. <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here."
think_mesg = {
                "role": "system",
                "content": [{"type": "text", "text": THINK_SYSTEM_PROMPT}],
            }

enable_thinking=True

model_path="rayruiyang/VST-3B-RL"

# We recommend enabling flash_attention_2 for better acceleration and memory saving, especially in multi-image and video scenarios.
model = Qwen2_5_VLForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(
    model_path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    attn_implementation="flash_attention_2",
    device_map="auto",
)

# default processer
processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(model_path, min_pixels = 256*28*28, max_pixels=1280*28*28)

messages = [
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": [
            {
                "type": "image",
                "image": "http://images.cocodataset.org/train2017/000000075668.jpg",
            },
            {"type": "text", "text": "Consider the real-world 3D locations of the objects. Is the 'no motorcycle' sign directly above the red bus?"},
        ],
    }
]

if enable_thinking:
    messages.insert(0, think_mesg)


# Preparation for inference
text = processor.apply_chat_template(
    messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True
)
image_inputs, video_inputs = process_vision_info(messages)
inputs = processor(
    text=[text],
    images=image_inputs,
    videos=video_inputs,
    padding=True,
    return_tensors="pt",
)
inputs = inputs.to("cuda")

# Inference: Generation of the output
generated_ids = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=128)
generated_ids_trimmed = [
    out_ids[len(in_ids) :] for in_ids, out_ids in zip(inputs.input_ids, generated_ids)
]
output_text = processor.batch_decode(
    generated_ids_trimmed, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False
)
print(output_text[0])

Citation

If you find our work helpful, feel free to give us a cite.

@article{vst,
  title={Visual Spatial Tuning},
  author={Rui Yang, Ziyu Zhu, Yanwei Li, Jingjia Huang, Shen Yan, Siyuan Zhou, Zhe Liu, Xiangtai Li, Shuangye Li, Wenqian Wang, Yi Lin, Hengshuang Zhao},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.05491},
  year={2025}
}